..."the wood of an electric guitar affects the sound quality is it true?"
Yes, it's true. Different woods have different tonal qualities. It's no myth.
To use the Les Paul as an example. Since it's my favourite guitar nowadays.
If you noticed, Les Paul or copies of it always spot a maple cap and mahogany body.
Back in the days Ted McCarty found that maple and mahogany together provides the extra density and sustain. And that this particular combination gave the Les Paul it's signature thick, fat tones. And mahogany's emphasis on the midrange coupled with the brightness of the maple cap gives it the bite to cut through the mix.
A Les Paul with any other wood combination is no longer a Les Paul. It's just some guitar shaped like a Les Paul.
Similarly, rosewood will always give the player that wide dynamic range, extra lows and extra sparkle on the highs. Basswood would always have the 'out there' characteristic, etc.
The list goes on, just google 'Tonal qualities of wood' and you'll find lots of articles describing the difference in tone of various tonewoods.
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"I did some research and realize the big gap in price from brand to brand even though some of the model have the same wood material specs."
Of course there is a price disparity. You can't really compare them like these because the wood is not the only consideration.
What you're usually paying for in a guitar is:
-Brand
-Body wood
-Neck/ Fingerboard wood
-Hardware
-Electronics
-Workmanship
-Exclusiveness
A XYZ Les Paul copy and a Edwards Les Paul copy would obviously differ greatly in price.
You're always paying for the brand itself, be it for its exclusiveness, history, prestige or the simple assurance of quality that a brand conveys.
I mean, you'd have inherent expectations of high-quality and impeccable workmanship from an LV bag or a Panerai watch, right?
So even though a Edwards Les Paul Standard and a XYZ Les Paul may spot a similar combination of maple and mahogany, they are obviously on very different levels. And we have not even touched on the other factors yet.
Same kind of wood, sure.
But what about the hardware, electronics and the wood quality. There are many variants of maple and mahogany. How thick is the maple cap on the XYZ Les Paul copy? What grade is the mahogany. Is it high-quality Hondurian mahogany or a cheaper Indonesian variant?
And also one of the reason why a 59' Burst is so sought after is partly due to the wood quality. Old-wood is highly prized.
Back in the days the maple caps that McCarty sourced were from small lumber-mills and they were specifically cut to his orders. Back then even he had problems finding high-quality maple supplies of sufficient thickness. Fast-forward 50 years, everything is almost gone now, so just imagine the difference in quality of today's wood and the good old-wood of yesteryear.
And workmanship, this is a huge factor.
Does the XYZ Les Paul copy have a long or short tenon. Is the neck angle/ pitch set-up correctly? Is the neck set optimally so as to ensure maximum transference of the vibrations. Is the nut well cut? Are the fret well dressed, are the electronics well-done? Are the binding done right? Etc, etc.
Workmanship plays a huge role. That is why some people pay big-bucks for boutique made-to-order guitars. This is because they are looking for top-notch workmanship on their guitars that feel, play and sound great.
Hardware and electronics, are they similar on the Edwards and the XYZ Les Paul copy?
Edwards uses high-quality CTS pots, SD pups, Gotoh Hardware, etc. What does the XYZ Les Paul copy use?
And not forgetting the finishing. Some guitars spot nitro finishes instead of the usual poly finish. That plays a part as well.
Do you see now why the singular comparison of wood is an absolutely myopic way of comparing guitars?
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"i realize that testing the electric guitar in shops on a killer amp and high end pick ups all sound so good. yes i know the sustain may be different but then that can be compensate with pedals"
I don't think anyone here has ever discounted the importance of a good amp. For all the years that I've been around here, the general advise that is given out is that a good amp contributes more to your tone that a good guitar.
And of course, pickups play a huge role too. But a poorly constructed guitar made of inferior wood would never compared to a well-made guitar with good wood, both in terms of feel and tone.
And again, not everybody plays high-gain. But I'd have to agree that playing on high-gain somewhat drowns the nuances and characteristics of your tone.
But the shortcomings of a cheaply-made guitar will become very apparent when it's going through a clean or slightly overdriven amp.
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"what if a no brand guitar with the same material of brand like Gibson and fender and built to same specs of Gobson/fender with same electronic parts will it males a different in sound? how about if the metal hardware are the same and setup are the same?"
I'd liken the above to putting make-up on a pig. Still butt-ugly.
Also, have you considered the cost of putting similar high-quality hardware on a no-brand guitar. It'd tally up to almost the same as what you pay for a Fender or more.
Gibson, well, you're paying a lot just for the brand. But I've always thought that Fenders are very value-for-money.
I've done up a few project guitars. And I can safely tell you that if you're thinking of building a high-quality project guitar, you'd end up spending more than most store-bought guitars.
Good pups, electronics and hardware do not come cheap.
So at the end of the day, it's really up to you. You'd have to take into consideration your budget, your playing style and prioritize where to invest your money upon.