We were not talking about vibrations or tonal repercussions.... just the difference in tension.
Basically, when you stretch a string, you stretch a certain area, which would be...
On a floyd rose, double locking system,
Bridge to nut.
On a non locking system
Bridge to tuner.
So, the longer the string, the more you have to stretch it to get it to pitch, increasing the overall tension. Example, baritone guitars.
Does not matter for a double locking system. Matters for the rest.
More tension can also result in a DRASTIC change in tone. Again, Baritone guitars, and people like Jim Soloway of Swan Guitars, swear by the 27" scale.
As for string angle from tuners to nut....
Its mainly tuning stability.
Oh, this is for you floyd rose users. Most of us have this long string tree after the locking nut? You know what its for?
Ever noticed before locking the nut, you tune up just nice... then lock the nuts, and the guitar is out of tune again?
Yes.
Its because of that string tree.
I can't recall to adjust which way... but when adjusted correctly, you locking your nut, everything will remain in tune.