You understand string resonance on different kind of wood and guitar body. More simple, an acoustic guitar, is very easy to distinguish the different sound from the different type of body, size and design.
It's the same here, different speakers with different cabinet will resonate a different 'voice' from the amp.
Closed back have better bass response, but could risk sounding muddy. All depend on the final design anyway.
Open back have a more baffle effect, sounding more transparent, but lower efficiency in the low frequency.
Just a summary from what I remembered, a lot of theory and calculation can be involved, which I can't understand any. As long as it sound good, that's all I care.